Evaluation of Sodium Metabisulphite Salt (SMBS) as a Fungicide on Common Maize (Zea mays) Rust Disease (Puccinia sorghi) and its Effect on Wistar Rat Health

Background and Objective: Maize, a vital cereal crop globally, faces challenges from foliar diseases like common rust, impacting yield and quality. This study assesses the efficacy of sodium metabisulphite salt (SMBS) in controlling common maize rust caused by Puccinia sorghi and its impact on Wistar rat health. It aims to offer insights into SMBS as a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides by evaluating disease incidence and monitoring rat health post-consumption. Materials and Methods: A study at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, assessed SMBS for maize disease management and safety. Two maize varieties, ART/98/SW5-OB and T2BR-ELDB, received SMBS treatments (10 and 15 g/L) at different growth stages in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Disease incidence, severity and agronomic traits were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p<0.05. Results: The results indicated that SMBS application significantly promoted plant growth, as evidenced by increased plant height, leaf number and leaf area with a significant reduction in incidence and severity of common rust disease in maize plants studied, highlighting its potential as a protective agent against fungal infections in crops. However, variations in the responses of different maize varieties to SMBS were observed. The acute toxicity of SMBS was also assessed on Wistar rats as they were exposed to varying doses of SMBS through the consumption of maize leaves and the powdered form. The results demonstrated that SMBS did not cause any significant adverse reactions and death in the rats at the tested doses, indicating a relatively low acute toxicity in this animal model. Conclusion: The study confirms SMBS as a promising dual-purpose agent for maize disease control and growth promotion, demonstrating its safety and efficacy, thus advancing sustainable agricultural practices.